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Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Globalization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Globalization - Research Paper Example DJ Khaled is one of the Arabic rappers who raps in English. He has tunes with Lil Wayne, Rick Ross and Akon. Others resemble Super Saian Crew, Satam and Abady who are Arabs and rap well. Rap music is a well known music in the Arab world in view of globalization and it has influenced the Arab culture and changed youthful Arab individuals. Uniquely the mix of the Arabian and the English music has offered ascend to another type of music that is very not normal for the customary music in Arabia. This sort of music influences our way of life, particularly the youthful age who grow up with it and not with Arab culture. The youthful age is prompted by this sort of music and they like it without question. This sort of music may let the individual to stand up. Individuals can say what they feel through this sort of music about environmental factors. They will compose their own words. Accordingly this sort of music centers around the opportunity ofâ speech. It is better approach to expressâ oneself musically. The expanded opportunity of articulation is both acceptable and awful for the general public from multiple points of view. Now and then, individuals stand up a lot for the sake of opportunity that offends of others.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Mental Health and Social Inclusion Free Essays
Title: An assessment of social rejection strategy and its impact on grown-ups of a working age with genuine emotional well-being issues To start, this exposition will quickly characterize the term social prohibition and its recorded foundation. It will at that point proceed onward to the political history of social prohibition in the United Kingdom. Especially the paper will concentrate on the explanations for joblessness, and the subsequent impact of barring individuals from society. We will compose a custom paper test on Psychological well-being and Social Inclusion or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The arrangements around business and the advantage framework will be talked about in some detail, and their results on working age grown-ups, incorporating those with genuine long haul psychological wellness issues. The French communist government named the expression ââ¬Ësocial exclusionââ¬â¢ in the 1980ââ¬â¢s; it was utilized to characterize a gathering of individuals living on the edge of society whom didn't approach the arrangement of social protection (Room, 1995 citied in Percy-Smith 2000). The idea of social prohibition has been characterized from numerous points of view from that point forward. The European commission characterizes social prohibition as alluding to the ââ¬Å"multiple and changing components bringing about individuals being rejected from the ordinary trades, practices and privileges of present day societyâ⬠(Commission of the European Communities, 1993 cited in Percy-Smith 2000 p. 3). This was a move away from utilizing the term underclass in the UK, which was not a satisfactory expression to a few, as it was progressively identified with neediness (Lavallette et al, 2001). The term social rejection pointed at a substantially more confused issue as opposed to simply cash, in the event that you were avoided a person or thing was barring you and that could be sifted through. Despite the fact that for some this new expression simply spoke to a ââ¬Ënewââ¬â¢ type of the word destitution (Room, 1995 citied in Lavallette). In the UK the New Labor government set up the interdepartmental social avoidance unit in 1997 (Percy-Smith, 2000). Its points were to ââ¬Å"to find signed up answers for the signed up issues of social exclusionâ⬠(No10 Website, 2004). The social prohibition team works inside various government offices, for example, work and benefits, youngsters school and family and the service of equity (No10 Website, 2004) The social avoidance unit distributed a progression of reports in 1997 that condemned the manner in which both focal and neighborhood government had bombed denied gatherings and regions (Batty, 2002). It found that denied areaââ¬â¢s had less fundamental administrations, for example, GP medical procedures and that little exertion had been made to reintegrate some who had been rejected through joblessness (Batty, 2002). Joblessness is viewed as one of the primary driver of social avoidance (Percy-Smith, 2000). Being jobless can effectsly affect a personââ¬â¢s certainty, feeling of direction and inspiration (Percy-Smith, 2000). The individual what works' identity is viewed as a full resident, making good on expense and adding to society (Baldock et al, 1999). Joblessness can likewise be connected to psychological well-being; an individual is twice as prone to experience the ill effects of misery on the off chance that they are not working. (Branch of wellbeing, 1999). The period since the 1960ââ¬â¢s saw a particular decrease in the British assembling industry prompting a move in the sort of work accessible, the administration area and office based occupations supplanted the manual employments and changed the example of interest in the work advertise. Baldock et al, 1999) The joblessness rate for semi gifted/incompetent specialists if multiple times that contrasted with administrative/proficient laborers (Percy-Smith, 2000). Those individuals who live in areaââ¬â¢s with low interest for low gifted specialists are almost certain to be jobless for an extremely prolonged stretch of time, prompting a close to lastingness in rejection from the work advertise (Percy-Smith, 2000). Government assistance to work approaches were the appropriate response from the Labor government in 1997, 'They set out designs to empower individuals once more into the work advertise. Work thought of the New Deal group of strategies. These where focused on explicit gatherings. For instance youngsters, grown-ups and new arrangement for individuals with a handicap (Percy-Smith, 2000). One of the consequences of this arrangement was to make Job focus in addition to from a merger of the Employment Service and the Benefits Agency. (Hoben, no date given) The Tories recently had set up the activity searchers remittance, which had changed the Insurance-based joblessness advantage. (Baldock et al, 1999). With this remittance you needed to demonstrate you were effectively looking for work or you would not get your stipend. Individuals who became jobless would need to go for an underlying meeting where a counsel readies an activity plan, at that point short meetings are directed at regular intervals to audit the petitioners accomplishment at increasing new work and to take a gander at new position opening (Percy-Smith, 2000). New arrangement entryway is focused on 18 â⬠multi year olds who had been jobless for a half year. This offers financed work understanding inside the deliberate division or with a business with a ? 0 every week motivator. Likewise full time instruction/preparing is offered to the individuals who didn't have adequate capabilities up the perceived NVQ level two. Youngsters likewise have an allotted individual guide who extends to help around employment opportunity chasing, vocations counsel and in certain conditions drugs/vagrancy exhortation (Percy-Smith, 2000). Any individual who won't take up these motivating forces will have their advantage cut. As Gordon Brown put it (the then Chancellor of the Exchequer) there will be no choice ââ¬Å"to remain at home in bed and watch televisionâ⬠(Baldock et al, 1999 p149). For individuals matured twenty five or more who have been on work searchers stipend for more than a half year at that point become qualified for an alternate arrangement of measures, before getting qualified for the ââ¬ËNew Dealââ¬â¢. This is called ââ¬Ërestartââ¬â¢. Work preliminaries are offered just as help with talk with procedures and CVââ¬â¢s composing abilities. Following a year if the individual has not looked for some kind of employment they go to a five-day ââ¬Ëjob plan workshopââ¬â¢ to evaluate the people work possibilities. This happens again at eighteen months. In the event that following two years they are as yet jobless this is when ââ¬ËNew Dealââ¬â¢ applies. New Dealââ¬â¢ offers preparing awards just as a work credit like that of the new arrangement entryway of sixty pounds per week and the advantage of an individual guide. The spending plan for this was ? 250 million for the three years somewhere in the range of 1999 and 2002 (Percy-Smit h, 2000) It can be contended that jobseekers remittance powers individuals back to work or powers them to seem, by all accounts, to be searching for work in a frantic endeavor to keep their advantage. It very well may be viewed as correctional (Percy-Smith, 2000) and with no alternative to quit, and it doesn't really expand the measure of occupations accessible. Without the making of an adequate number of occupations, individuals may lose their advantage, however not through absence of endeavoring (Baldock et al, 1999). Likewise pundits have remarked on the expense of the new arrangement procedure with some state this cash could be better utilized making more occupations. (Percy-Smith, 2000) Other contentions against new arrangement take a gander at the timescale distinction between the youngsters and grown-up administrations, it cost significantly less to mediate early when somebody gets jobless so why hang tight for a long time on account of the grown-up new arrangement. (Percy-Smith, 2000). The new arrangement strategy has been very compelling, especially at getting youngsters again into the work advertise. In any case, for individuals with long haul critical psychological wellness issues finding paid work can be exceptionally troublesome. (Layard, 2005) If social avoidance can be connected to joblessness then for individuals with psychological well-being issues they are prohibited of course, with joblessness as well as with the social disgrace related with their emotional well-being challenges (Layard, 2005). ââ¬Å"There are presently more intellectually sick individuals on inadequacy advantage than there are jobless individuals on jobseekers allowanceâ⬠(Layard, 2005 p1). Proof recommends that work can be remedial for individuals with emotional well-being issues, however it appears specialists are incredulous about their patients securing and holding down positions. (Layard, 2005) The issue deteriorates the more drawn out the individual is on benefits, and over the long haul social segregation increments and inspiration diminishes (Layard, 2005). 90% of individuals on inadequacy advantage say they might want to come back to work yet would think that its extremely elusive an occupation that pays as much as the advantage they get (Layard, 2005). Notwithstanding, it has been a basic pattern in government assistance arrangement that low paid work ought to consistently be the preferred alternative over state freebees. This goes path back to the poor law of 1832 where the workhouse gave the last alternative to poor families, giving food and haven to the trading of work. For the majority of the individuals who lived in these workhouses future altogether dropped after entering these frantic spots (Higginbotham, 2008). In current occasions, in any case, giving up advantages and coming back to work may mean a trade off in personal satisfaction. Individuals getting insufficiency advantage may likewise guarantee lodging advantage, board tax reduction, free solutions and optional credits from the social reserve to purchase enormous progressively costly things (Alcock, 2003). With this assistance set up it is very simple to perceive any reason why individuals with a psychological instability are probably not going to need to return to all day business and risk losing cash. This is known as the advantage trap. There is another issue, individuals who have been on benefits for quite a while do not have the correct capabilities to join the work showcase (Dummigan, 2007), expanding social rejection. In the event that an intellectually sick individual needed to get a new line of work yet had almost no aptitudes, the decisions are thin ordinarily prompting a low pay work, again making it improbable for the person to need to fall off his/her advantages (Dummigan, 2007). The legislature has attempted to correct this prob
Tuesday, August 11, 2020
Space Robots II Attack of the Paradigm Shifts
Space Robots II Attack of the Paradigm Shifts UROPs. Youve heard about them before, but heres a refresher. At MIT, we have lots of professors doing research. We have lots of undergrads who would love the opportunity to do research and learn about their field. And we have the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program doing all the magic in-between dealing with proposals, funding, and listings. (Though listings are far from the only opportunities available if youre interested in a professors research, just go ask about it and see if they have space for someone. Thats how I got my first UROP!) The experience is incredibly valuable. A few years ago, back when I was Course 7 (thats Biology, for all you havent-learned-MITese folks), I UROPd in a really amazing and informative lab working on the genetics of regeneration. Slicing up regenerating organisms with a certain gene turned off to see that they grew heads at every new cut was a real whoaaaaa what? moment :) But though fascinating, I somehow felt like I was missing something biology, in its pure form, didnt seem like it was quite for me. When I started my next set of classes in the fall, I realized that I was heading in the wrong direction. But how can this be? This is an unallowable paradigm shift! Im a biologist, I was always going to be a biologist! Biology was like the best class in high school! This⦠is unimaginable, what else would I be?? I got through the rest of term. Sometime over IAP, I started hanging out in the SIPB office (MITs computing club). And then I did something very strange. I did a thing that I had believed all my life was supposed to be a thing only incredibly boring people. I wrote a program. def Hiya(): print pony Yes, it failed to work, because I didnt put quotes around pony and thus let Python know that it was a string and not a variable. With a quick question to a nearby SIPB member, this was fixed. And pony was printed to my screen. In a reckless, rash, and intuitive leap-of-faith, I filed to change my major. Electrical engineering and computer science. Course 6-2. I registered for, among other things, 6.01 (intro to EECS). I decided to see where this went. Fast forward. Piper is pretty happy with her life, including her major. Piper is looking more into applying her EECS skills (especially the EE side) to biological problems she still, after all, loves biology. Piper is looking for a summer UROP in bioEECS when⦠Space Robots It wasnt bioEECS but it was an awesome summer gig. If I was chosen to be part of the team, I would get to code satellites on the International Space Station! How cool is that?! Just a summer gig. A really cool summer gig. That was all. At the end of the summer, thats still what it was, in my mind. It was a really cool project that I was proud to have worked on, nothing more. (But aero/astro is cool⦠no harm in taking a class as an elective, right? Talking about plane crashes is just fun! But no, I have no aero/astro bug, of course not!) And then came the email in the fall another awesome project with the Space Systems Laboratory. I had, in fact, worked a little on this one over the summer, in my spare work time. It was another satellite project, designed to help protect other satellites by knocking harmful particles out of the Van Allen Radiation Belt HOW COOL WAS THAT?! I was in. (But its just an IAP gig.) ((Thatll Ill be continuing into the spring.)) (((And beyond?))) Oops. (No, this isnt about another change of major. The nice thing about being in a major that is both interesting in itself and widely applicable⦠you can kind of take it anywhere your interests go. This is a very good deal for me ^_^) And thats when I realized that the paradigms I had for my life, they were shifting again. Not quite as dramatically as when I went from biology to EECS, but a nonetheless unpredictable ride that I find myself in the middle of yet again. I have no idea what I will become, I dont know where things will lead me! Ten years from now, what will I be doing? Zapping bacteria with my EE skills? Tinkering with ground code for another satellite? insert your suggestion here? I just have no idea theres to much exciting and wonderful in the world, and I havent got it all planned out right now. Not anymore. But there are certainties in my life, and they are these: I have such excellent ways to figure out the rest of my life and I plan to use them :)
Saturday, May 23, 2020
Police Officers Protect And Serve - 1173 Words
Police officers protect and serve. They have many duties like helping people, arresting criminals, investigating crimes and providing security. Police officers put themselves on line every day to protect their community. Police officers get a lot of attention in the media for using deadly force and excessive force. They may feel they are being criticized for everything they do. When police use deadly force, they usually make a split second decision to take someoneââ¬â¢s life when they feel their own life is in danger. When a police officer uses deadly force, ââ¬Å"the media is quick to point out the race of the officer, the race of the suspect and whether or not the suspect had a weaponâ⬠(Crosby). This can make it seem that all police officers are racist and are killing because of race. Today, many deadly force encounters seem to involve white officers and minorities. According to Dr. Laurence Miller, this is primarily due to the demographics of high crime communities, which usually have a majority white department and minority citizens. In these communities, young black males are more likely to be affected by deadly force encounters. However, in mostly white neighborhoods, the perpetrators will most likely be white males and in mostly black neighborhoods, they will likely be black males. However, cops are humans. They have prejudices and bias just like everyone else. They have flaws and make mistakes. There are some cops that are racist just like there are racist teachers,Show MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Has Affected American Citizens855 Words à |à 4 Pagesââ¬Å"To Protect and Serveâ⬠(Dorobek) is the official motto of the American Police Academy and to do that requires a balanced relationship of trust and support between police officers and the people they serve. In different ways, civilians and police officerââ¬â¢s both have a responsibility to uphold the law. It is a police officerââ¬â¢s responsibility to defend their community. A civilianââ¬â¢s civil duty is to support their police force to ensure they can carry out their job in the safest and most peaceful mannerRead MoreThe Importance Of Being A Police Officer1222 Words à |à 5 Pagespartake in for the near future is a police officer. This career has alot of positive and negative aspects to it. Being a police officer is a very rewarding but can be dangerous job. Police officers risk there lives everyday to protect their communities. There are many very important components such as the duties and responsibilities, health and safety risks, and some ethical issues as to be a police officer. I will explain what it means to be a police officer and how beneficial it is to our communitiesRead MoreA Report On License And Registration Please907 Words à |à 4 Pagesfor? A gun? A knife? Drugs? This is a question every officer has to ask themselves on a normal everyday traffic stop. According to the FBI there were 96 Line of Duty Deaths and another 48,315 officers assaulted during 2015 (Washington, D.C, 2015). That is an extreme high rate of loss of life and assaults. Something definitely to be done to help not only the Police Officers but to make it safe for all who serve and protect us. Police equipped with body cameras are an excellent idea andRead MorePolice Brutality And The End Of Injustice910 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe hands of police officers who tend to careless on whatââ¬â¢s the meaning of their position, and they seem to only care that their position makes them ââ¬Å"unstoppableâ⬠which is why they do whatever they please. Unfortunately, those who face injustice right in the eye cannot speak for themselves since their life is taken away instantly or are being incarcerated because ââ¬Å"justiceâ⬠usually favors the incorrupt. Across the United States, over thirty citizens have been murdered and beaten by police (ââ¬Å"30 Casesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ )Read MorePolice Officers And The Police Vehicles1429 Words à |à 6 Pagesââ¬Å" To protect and to serveâ⬠that is the saying that police officers use, and it is on the police vehicles. They take pride to serve our community, take pride to protect our community, and take pride of wearing th e badge on their uniforms. Our community wouldnââ¬â¢t be the same if we didnââ¬â¢t have the protection from them; if so there will be some disasters like some today. But yet, they get accused, getting name, and getting threaten for the things that happen consequently. When I was growing up, I hearRead MoreWe All Know That The U.s.1314 Words à |à 6 Pageswe are living in this complicated environment. Thus, some problems occur due to conflicts between different racial people. Recently, in Ferguson, Missouri, there was a case which was a black teenager, Michael Brown, got shot to death by a white police officer named Darren Wilson caused a lot of arguments in the society. To express opinions about this matter, in his essay ââ¬Å"Ferguson wonââ¬â¢t change anything. What will?,â⬠Glenn Loury states that the Michael Brownââ¬â¢s case should not be a great example of Americaââ¬â¢sRead MoreEssay on Police Brutality1571 Words à |à 7 PagesThroughout history, efforts to police society have been flawed by brutality in one way or another. Police Brutality exists in many countries and is only one of several forms of police misconduct. Abuse by law enforcement officers in the United States is one of the most serious human rights violations i n the country. Police officers have engaged in unjustified shootings, severe beatings, fatal chokings, and unnecessarily rough treatment. The history of police brutality is cyclical, going through phasesRead MorePolice Brutality Based On Racial Profiling1682 Words à |à 7 Pagesviews law enforcement officers as heroic and honorable individuals, whose main purpose is to protect and serve the community. For many officers, this description is accurate, however for others; violence and brutality against innocent citizens is the key to getting the job done. For years, minorities have fallen victim to police brutality based on racial profiling, stereotypes and other unjustifiable reasons that has cost several innocent lives. The involvement of officers in police brutality againstRead MoreSalt Lake City Case Analysis932 Words à |à 4 Pages June 2014, a child went missing resulting in a search by local police. An officer enters the fenced back yard of a residence only to be confronted by the owners Weimaraner Geist, the officer stated that he felt threatened and shot the dog in the head. The missing child had difficulty communicating and the officers felt he would not respond if they called out his name resulting in the search of owner Kendallââ¬â¢s back yard. The officer stated that no one responded to him when he went to the front doorRead MoreFactors Of Police Professionalism And Police Responsibility1255 Words à |à 6 PagesFactors of Police Professionalism and Police Responsibility Soncerae Henry American Military University Professor Christopher Davis February 22, 2015 Abstract Placed in a uniform of respect, police officer are held to an expectation that surpasses all. They entitle to exhibit a level of professionalism when interacting with the public and they are expected to preform to the extent of the responsibilities. The passage believe will discuss the element that tie together to make a professional
Tuesday, May 12, 2020
Mental Patterns Of Substance Abuse - 991 Words
Drugrehab.org - How To Change Mental Patterns Of Substance Abuse? People with an addiction often struggle to break free because they treat only the physical element. The mental patterns that influence substance abuse must be changed if any addiction treatment to be successful. Understanding these patterns, and how to break them, can help you create a life free of addiction and its harmful consequences. The Mental Patterns Of Substance Abuse Our mental processes often work in patterns of repeated behaviors, patterns that are formed when we behave in specific ways for extended periods of time. They differ from our instinctual behaviors in that they are ââ¬Å"learnedâ⬠behaviors, or ones that we develop as we change and grow as human beings.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The relaxing effect that many smokers feel is actually caused by a decrease in withdrawal symptoms. The body, which feels pain and anxiety without its addictive substance, feels more at ease when the substance is added. However, the idea that smoking actually relaxes nerves and the mind is a damaging cognitive error, one that causes many people to turn to tobacco as a calming influence in their lives. Common Cognitive Errors Irrational cognitive errors are common in the lives of all of us and are especially common in people who suffer from addiction. Some of the most common cognitive errors that contribute to addiction include: All-or-nothing ââ¬â essentially, black and white thinking, such as ââ¬Å"I always feel better after drinkingâ⬠or ââ¬Å"I never experience anxiety after doing heroinâ⬠Minimization ââ¬â playing down the damaging effects of addiction, such as ââ¬Å"at least I m not living in a crack houseâ⬠or ââ¬Å"I don t drink every day, just Friday through Sunday!â⬠ââ¬Å"Shouldâ⬠statements ââ¬â creating expectations and rules for yourself that are difficult, such as ââ¬Å"I should be able to quit drinking in a weekâ⬠or ââ¬Å"I ought to be able to quit cocaine cold turkeyâ⬠Labeling ââ¬â letting your addiction create an identity that you can t escape, such as ââ¬Å"I m just an alcoholic and that s thatâ⬠or creating labels for people who are trying to help you quit and creating a ââ¬Å"me versus themâ⬠mentality
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Fighting for Hunger Free Essays
In this topic, we will see how Filipinos fighting for their hunger. We can see that there are so many people who starve to death, and the government didnââ¬â¢t do anything about this problem. I hate how the government didnââ¬â¢t do anything to solve this problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Fighting for Hunger or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many Filipinos who begging for food for them to live. My opinion here is we should help the others, if we help the others we can save a life. Starvation is not a joke we weââ¬â¢re talking about million lives here. The government should take an action to this issue. There are so many cases that people die because of the hunger or starvation, they die because they canââ¬â¢t do anything to stop their hunger, they just wait for someone to give them a food. So my opinion here is letââ¬â¢s stop this problem now letââ¬â¢s push the government to do something in this problem. If they canââ¬â¢t do anything then letââ¬â¢s encourage other people to help the people whoââ¬â¢s in need. If the government canââ¬â¢t help them, I guess itââ¬â¢s time to help the other people for them to have a longer life. The main problem here is the government didnââ¬â¢t do anything to solve this problem. Many Filipinos died because of hunger or you can call it starvation. The rate of starvation in our country is increasing every year and every year the number of deaths in our country is increasing as well, it is all because of the starvation. I guess we are all aware that our country is rich in street people or you can call it as a homeless people, they are the one who experienced this problem, they canââ¬â¢t do anything because they donââ¬â¢t have any job or any money to buy their foods. We can help the by giving them a food or at least a small amount of money. In this way, we can help the others in a simple way. The problem here is why the government didnââ¬â¢t do anything to solve this problem, they didnââ¬â¢t do anything to save the others life. The fact that the government didnââ¬â¢t do anything, we should help the one whoââ¬â¢s in need. If we have extra food or extra money we should give it to the people who canââ¬â¢t afford to buy foods. We can always start a feeding program for the hungry people. I think there are many feeding program in our country.In this way we can help others, we can save the others by giving them a food or a money. There are many ways to help the people whoââ¬â¢s in need. If the government canââ¬â¢t take any action to this then I guess itââ¬â¢s time for us to make a move. We can help by starting a feeding program, giving a small amount of food and money to the people whoââ¬â¢s in need. We can help others in a small way if we want to I think itââ¬â¢s time to help and care for the other people. Always remember that sharing is caring. How to cite Fighting for Hunger, Papers
Sunday, May 3, 2020
Narrative & Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Free-Samples for Students
Question: Compare Narrative Therapy with another Model of Counselling, considering similarities and differences in how the client is understood andengaged with, the role of the counsellor, assumptions about change, types of intervention and the evidence for effectiveness of the Models. Answer: Knowledge in narrative therapy is an essential tool in guidance and counseling. It involves the whole process of leading people to identify and concentrate on their values, skills, and knowledge(Thomas, 2002). It is in the 1970s and 1980s when narrative therapy came into being. It was introduced by Michael White and David Epston. It is through these aspects that people identify the areas they can perform best in life and work on them in the appropriate way. Narrative therapists aim at leading people, to understand them better than they do(White, 2009). When the responsibility to accomplished, such people who pass through this kind of therapy are at long last, able to deal with any problem or challenge that might come across them in their lives. A narrative therapist collaborates with the affected client to weaken the negativity in him or her and focus on the bright positive side. On the other hand, cognitive behavioral therapy refers to the approach those people who have long-term skills or goals, to keep them healthy. This kind of therapy came into being in the 1960s. It was introduced by a philosopher known as Aaron T. Beck. According to this model, the way people feel or behave is closely related to what they think. Thinking makes the cognitive part of the approach, while feelings, emotions among other behavioral aspects, make the behavioral part of the approach. The following is a detailed explanation focusing on the differences and similarities between narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. The comparison of these two kinds of therapy needs a clear understanding of what they are. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a type of therapy applied in guidance and counseling, which majorly focuses on human behavior with the main aim of eliminating gradually or suppressing a behavior that is not desirable in a given society(Trauer Qian, 2015). This unwanted behavior not only affects the individuals but also other members of the society who are close or in a way, related to the former. In other words, behavioral therapy is a kind of therapy which has the main aim of bringing about a positive behavior change in the society. Generally, in cognitive behavioral therapy, one learns how to clearly understand his beliefs, thoughts, and altitude, question them, and come up with a solution to solve a problematic situation that is based on cognition and behavior. Narrative therapy, on the other hand, focuses on narratives that help to change the situation of the clients. Sometimes, stories are retold, to make sure all important aspects are fully captured. These stories, in this case, act as lenses. They reflect one's situation. A thorough interaction between the therapist and the client may create a totally different story, which in most cases, help to solve problems of aspects such as anxiety. Metaphors are commonly used in narrative therapy, to reveal what is hidden in the narratives. Critical thinking is a major factor that helps to me this therapeutic approach successful. There are several ways in which narrative therapy and behavioral therapy are similar and different. The following is a detailed analysis of the similarities in terms of the Roles of the client Clients are the real specialists of their own life. They pass through both positive and negative experiences. In both models, the clients are therefore for giving their experiences honestly and in a detailed manner, for them to get the right kind of therapeutic treatment. The experiences and wisdom of the client are a major source of the knowledge to solve their own problems(White M., 2005). They hardly notice this truth until they interact with the counselor. Secondly, for the therapy to take place effectively, the client should be open and free to express his/her ideas. When a client expresses his feelings, emotions, opinions values and principles, in a free manner, he enables the therapist to know how to solve his/her problems. According to(Graham, 2014), a problem shared is a problem solved. According to research in narrative therapy, such people tend to feel relieved after speaking out what is deep in their minds(Morgan, 2002). Small psychological disorders like stress can be dealt with, by only sharing ones emotions or feelings with close friends or relatives (Olatunji Davis, 2013). The following is a detailed analysis of the similarities in terms of the Roles of the counselor. First of all, the counselor is a consultant. He is also referred to as a collaborator. The major role of the client is to guide the client to understand the issues facing him or her in a deeper way. They are experts who are trained and effectively fit in their profession. One of the most important roles of counselors is to help their clients find solutions to their problems. A counselor does not give a solution to a problem, but with the help of the client, he or she can come up with a particular way or suggestion that may help in solving the problem(Freedman Combs, 1996). For example, a cognitive behavioral therapist collaborates with the client to guide him to find the solutions to himself. These solutions are mostly suggested by the client himself. Additionally, the counselor is also a curious learner. He learns through the experiences of different clients(Denborough, 2009). He then uses the knowledge obtained on one occasion to solve another similar, but related problem. The counselors act similarly in both therapies. It is also the role of the counselor in both models to help the client to develop self-awareness and accept their challenges. By so doing, it becomes easier for the clients to get help. The therapist should provoke conversations, to enable to affected, to disclose all issues regarding their problem. Similarities on assumption about change are as outlined below; Both models assume that human beings are able to interpret their own experiences. Human beings are knowledgeable. However, when they do not know the knowledge bestowed on them, they may not interpret both simple and complex problems facing them. Both models also assume that each individual has his own belief, attitude or story. All our experiences cannot be put together in one belief or story. The story of an individual should, therefore, be used to solve his problem, and not the story of another third person. However, review of how a problem was handled in a third persons story can also help to handle a current problem(Goncalves, Matos, Santos, 2009). The following are some of the notable interventions on both models. Therapists in both models of counseling, use different intervention principles, to solve the problems of the clients. One of the most common is the my life story' intervention. This helps the clients, to see that their experiences and stories are even minor and therefore they should not lose hope. For children, the expressive art interventions can also be used(O'Connor, 1997). When stories are told through expressive art, they become more influential and therefore help in both the narrative and cognitive behavioral approaches. The following is a detailed analysis of the similarities in terms of the evidence of effectiveness. There are various evidence to prove that narrative therapy is effective. Many publications have been made, showing this effectiveness. One of the most famous ones is the one written by(Fred Epston, 1989). In this publication, Fred explains about how children stealing cases had become rampant in the past but recent years. Out of the sample that was taken, 45 cases of such children stopped stealing. Famous narrative therapy evidence is a case study which was conducted by(Majid, 2014). This one included a sample of boys aged between 10-11 years, who had symptoms of social phobia. The duration for the narrative therapy approach took 90 minutes session. Eventually, the phobia gradually weakened and seized completely. This was reported by their teachers and their family. These children finally became good and fluent public speakers However, despite the many similarities between behavioral and narrative therapy, there are also some differences, which distinguish them. Based on the same basic concepts discussed above, the following are some of the differences between these two models of counseling. Role of the client Narrative therapy Cognitive-behavioral therapy Here, most of the clients come to the therapist while a bit mentally composed. They only need help in aspects such as attitude change, making long term decisions among many others. Here some of the clients are extremely affected. Therefore, a guardian or a parent has to accompany such clients. For example, an extreme bhang addict cannot directly go to a counselor, without the help of a guardian Clients here are mostly willing to participate. A person, who wishes to get guidance on a certain aspect from a narrative therapist, will feel so willing to participate in any activity that is suggested by the therapist. Here, most of the clients facing adverse behavioral issues are often not willing to undergo behavioral therapy. As a result, they are reinforced through various methods of reinforcement, for instance, punishment, for them to change their behavior. The main aim of clients here is externalizing their problem for them to get help The main aim of the clients here is changing their behavior to a better one, which is acceptable by the members of that particular society. Role of the counselor Here the counselors also have different roles as far as behavioral and narrative therapy is concerned. The following table shows the differences between these two models of counseling. Narrative therapist Cognitive-behavioral therapist It is the role of the therapist to engage his/her clients in a lengthily conversations, to help them come identify their thinness, and hence change it to the positive way. Here, cognitive-behavioral therapists mostly reinforce the behavior of their clients, by involving them in several pieces of training, to modify their behavior. Narrative therapist focus on the experience of the clients in their approach. It is mainly focused on the experiences of the clients. One of the roles of these therapists is to help clients to identify the beliefs and attitudes, which are the major causes of their problems. Narrative therapists make the use of theories involved in this kind of therapy, to administer the appropriate counseling Cognitive-behavioral therapists make the use of behavioral theories to correct the irrelevant, undesirable and bad behavior, to a good behavior that is acceptable in the community. Some of these theories are; classical conditioning and operant conditioning(Vromans Schweitzer, 2011). A positive change in narrative therapy is realized through lengthy conversations between the therapist and the client A positive change in behavior is realized through practicing the aspects of good behavior taught Assumptions about change Narrative therapist Cognitive-behavioral therapist The assumption the narrative therapists makes is that the type of language used can bring about great changes in the thin story of the client(Lafrance Stoppard, 2007). Here, the cognitive-behavioral therapists assume that behavior is not only rectified by language but also real actions. They involve many aspects to change the feelings and attitude of the clients. Intervention Narrative therapy Cognitive-behavioral therapist In Narrative therapy, the approach to clients is professional and with less contact with the clients. The counselor and the client only need a close oral communication. In cognitive-behavioral therapy, the counselor maintains a close contact with the client to make it possible for him/her, to monitor the behavior of the client. Evidence for effectiveness Narrative therapy Cognitive-behavioral therapist The client provides a positive feedback about complete identity of issues like goals, attitude, values, among others The client can orally talk with the cognitive-behavioral therapist about how he was before and how he is after rehabilitation among other training programs which are aimed at changing one's behavior to a positive one. In conclusions, narrative therapy is a wide field of study which relies on the specialist on that field, and the clients. The main aim of this study is to make sure that all people in the global; society live in peace and harmony, solving any challenge that may arise in life. In collaboration with other related studies such as behavioral therapy, most of the people in the society get help on issues that with the psychology of human beings. References Denborough, D. (2009). Research, evidence and narrative practice. Dulwich Centre Publication. Fred, W., Epston, D. (1989). Australian and Newzealnd Journal of family therapy , 3. Freedman, J., Combs, G. (1996). Story development. In Narrative therapy. In The social construction of preferred realities (pp. 101-103). New York. Norton. Goncalves, M., Matos, M., Santos, A. (2009). Narrative therapy and the nature of Innovative Moments in the construction of change. Journal of Constructivist Psychology , 1-23. Graham, J. (2014). Narrative therapy for treating video game addiction. International journal of mental health and addiction , 701-707. Irwin, M., Olmstead, R. (2014). Cognitive behavioral therapy vs. Tai Chi for late life insomnia and inflammatory risk. a randomized controlled comparative efficacy trial , 1543-1552. Lafrance, M., Stoppard, J. (2007). Re-storying womens depression. In C. Brown T. Augusta-Scott (Eds). Making meaning: Making lives. London, England: Sage Publications. Majid, G. (2014). The Arts in Psychotherapy. Morgan, A. (2002). Beginning to work with narrative therapy. Dulwich Centre Foundation. O'Connor, T. e. (1997). On the right Track: Client experience of narrative therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy , 479-495. Olatunji, B., Davis, M. (2013). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis of treatment outcome and moderators. Journal of psychiatric research , 33-41. Thomas, L. (2002). Poststructuralism and therapy: Whats it all about? . International Journal of Narrative Therapy and Community Work , 85-89. Trauer, J., Qian, M. (2015). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic InsomniaA Systematic Review and Meta-analysisCognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia. Annals of internal medicine. Vromans, L., Schweitzer, R. (2011). Narrative therapy for adults with major depressive disorder: Improved symptom and interpersonal outcomes. Psychotherapy Research , 4-15. White, C. (2009). Where did it all begin? . Reflecting on the collaborative work of Michael White and David Epston , 57-58. White, M. (2005). Re-authoring conversations. Michael White workshop notes , 10-12.
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